TOK QUESTION

How important is it that we are certain about what we claim as knowledge?

This essay attempt and show what is knowledge, claims and what is the cause of knowing knowledge. However how people be certain about their topic and knowledge that they claim.

Knowledge has not had clearly description many philosophers had attempted to define and had made many analysis about it but  it is still unsolved and described exactly but if essay want to define, it can say knowledge is something that we believe however we cannot say that the thing we believe is always true. There are many knowledge and many perspective from people. So some of them could know mistakenly therefore every knowledge may not true %100. Hence we can also defines that is justified true belief. In addition, fact, skills and information acquired by  person through experience or education; it is theoretical and practical understanding of subject. It means if one learnt how to play basketball one would be certain about what one claims because one has knowledge about it.

When essay consider definition of claim, it would be to say that something is true or is a fact, although one cannot prove it and other people might not believe it. As reader understand from definition of claim, it is not proved and it is like a theory that people believe. However person who claim something would be certain about it as knowledge but it changes person to person because it is personal claim and remark therefore it is not proved thing and people cannot say it is universally knowledge.

Person to be certain about his/her claims investigate and do observation then compare and distinguish with other sources but these should be extensive research. After all person can understand his claim is true or not. Hereat person would be certain about his claim as knowledge.

Certainly person who is sure about what he or she claim as knowledge, he or she must prove and convince people about his/her claim then if it accepted universally, we would say that it is a knowledge. However being certain about his or her claim is most important thing to show and prove the claim all over the world because one is sure and have to convince all over the world then would do all one’s best to demonstrate as knowledge. It means faith is one of the most important thing to demonstrate something because this makes one introduce one’s claim better than without being certain. On the other hand the one who is not certain, cannot introduce one’s claims and remarks as well because doesn't have faith to convince the world. 

In conclusion person would have a claim and to make it as knowledge. First one have to believe oneself and believe what one claims as knowledge. Then has to do some extensive research. İf they shows one’s claims is true, one should show one’s invention or claim all over the world to convince them. Then this invention or claim become a knowledge. In this essay reader understood importance of being certain about the claims and they saw it is one of the most important thing about this topic.

HUMAN SCIENCE AS AN AREA OF KNOWLEDGE

Theory of knowledge, also referred to as epistemology from the Greek word “episteme” meaning knowledge, ask both very general and very fundamental questions about knowledge and knowers. The questions that Theory of Knowledge normally asks are; what is it to know? How is the knowledge distinct from mere belief? And is knowledge possible? Theories of Knowledge are made up of Areas of Knowledge, which are disciplines or fields of study each with own specific definition, ways of study, vocabulary, methods, etc. There are eight Areas of Knowledge into which disciplines are frequently classified, and they are; Mathematics, Natural Sciences, Human Sciences, History, Arts, Ethics, Religious Knowledge Systems and Indigenous Knowledge Systems. This paper analyses Human Sciences as an area of knowledge specifically focusing on the aspect of psychology.

    Human Sciences is an area of study that focuses on the study of biological, social and cultural aspects of human life to understand human actions and behavior. This area of study corresponds to humanities and social sciences as well aspects of psychology and even mathematics as one of the main issues of concern in information gathering in the study of human behavior. Anthropology, Economics, Human Biology, Physiology, and Psychology are examples of some of the subjects that fall under Human Sciences. 

    Psychology is a general term that is used to refer to the profession, scholarly discipline and science that deals with the behavior of humans and animals, and the related mental and psychological processes. Simply, psychology can be defined as the scientific study of the mind and behavior. The Human Sciences in psychology is mainly concerned with aspects of the non-physical aspects of the mind such as thoughts, cognition, memories, emotions, and dreams.

As in other sciences, the objectives and approach to psychological experiments are to confirm or disapprove theories and expectations. However, the raw data for psychologist scientists in these experiments are human behavior unlike for physicists who depend on atoms and electrons as their raw data. The human behavior regarding actions, feelings, and thoughts are used as evidence or indication of the state of mind.

Branches of psychology

    There are several categories of psychology which are categorized using several aspects such as institution and profession and location. Some of the most prominent branches of psychology relevant for human scientist include the following classes;

•    Cognitive psychology- This category is concerned with the investigation of internal mental processes such as learning, memory and problem solving. One of the main objectives of this branch of psychology is the process of acquisition, processing, and storage of information. Cognitive psychology is applied in therapies to improve memories of patients

•    Developmental psychology- this is a branch of psychology that deals with the study of systematic psychological changes a person experience in the course of their life. It is concerned with any psychological factor such as problem-solving skills, personality, and language skills studied over the life of a person. It also looks and compares innate structures of the mind against learning through experience. 

•    Evolutionary psychology- this branch of psychology focuses on how human behavior has been influenced by psychological adjustment in the course of evolution. Language and memory perception are among factors that psychologist believe are among the functional products of natural selection. Evolutionary psychologist believes that psychological traits observed among the human beings today are adaptation for survival in everyday environment of our ancestors 

•    Social psychology- this category uses scientific methods to understand and explain the way thoughts, feelings and behavior are affected by the actual, imagined or implied presence of other people. A social psychologist focuses on the behavior, social perception, conformity, non-verbal behavior and leadership of a group of people. A social psychologist studies the influence of a society on human behavior (Gross, 2015).  

Conclusion

    In conclusion, it is obvious that human science is an important area of knowledge for both scholars and the general public. The research materials from the studies carried out in this field can be used to explain and solve problems that affect the society in this day and age. I would recommend this area of knowledge to any students interested in understanding the relationship and behavior of human beings.  

References

Gross, R. (2015). Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour 7th Edition. Hodder Education.